Atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of most cardiovascular diseases, including heart attacks and strokes. Traditionally viewed as a simple accumulation of cholesterol in the arteries, it is now recognized as a chronic inflammatory disease driven by complex biological processes involving

Hypertension, often referred to as the “silent killer,” remains one of the most pervasive yet underestimated cardiovascular conditions worldwide. Despite affecting over a billion people, it frequently goes unnoticed because it rarely presents obvious symptoms until significant damage has already